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''Agaricus bisporus'' is an edible basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America. It has two color states while immature —white and brown—both of which have various names. When mature, it is known as portobello mushroom, often shortened to just portobello. When immature and ''white'', this mushroom may be known as common mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom, cultivated mushroom, table mushroom, and champignon mushroom. When immature and ''brown'', this mushroom may be known variously as Swiss brown mushroom, Roman brown mushroom, Italian brown, Italian mushroom, cremini or crimini mushroom, brown cap mushroom, or chestnut mushroom.〔(Think Vegetables: ''Chestnut mushroom'' ) Retrieved 2013-04-01〕 ''A. bisporus'' is cultivated in more than seventy countries,〔 and is one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world. ==Taxonomy and naming== The common mushroom has a complicated taxonomic history. It was first described by English botanist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke in his 1871 ''Handbook of British Fungi'', as a variety (var. ''hortensis'') of ''Agaricus campestris''. Danish mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange later reviewed a cultivar specimen, and dubbed it ''Psalliota hortensis'' var. ''bispora'' in 1926. In 1938, it was promoted to species status and renamed ''Psalliota bispora''. Emil Imbach imparted the current scientific name of the species, ''Agaricus bisporus'', after the genus ''Psalliota'' was renamed to ''Agaricus'' in 1946. The specific epithet ''bispora'' distinguishes the two-spored basidia from four-spored varieties. Among English speakers, ''A. bisporus'' is known by many names. A young specimen with a closed cap and either pale white or light brown flesh is known as a button mushroom or white mushroom. In strains with darker flesh, the immature mushroom is variously marketed as a cremini mushroom, baby portobello, baby bella, mini bella, portabellini, Roman mushroom, Italian mushroom, or brown mushroom. At this stage of maturation, the cap also may begin to open slightly. In maturity, the mushroom is called a portobello. The French name is ''champignon de Paris'' ("Paris mushroom"). The spellings "portobello", "portabella", and "portabello" are all used, but the first of these spellings is the most common. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agaricus bisporus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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